In recent years, the world gas market has experienced various significant trends that have influenced global dynamics. One of the main trends is increasing demand for liquefied natural gas (LNG), especially from countries in Asia, such as China, Japan and South Korea. This demand is driven by the cleaner energy transition and using gas as a bridge to renewable energy. Additionally, natural gas prices have exhibited high volatility. In the 2022 period, the impact of geopolitical conflicts, especially related to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, will cause a spike in gas prices in Europe. The start-up of new LNG projects and sustainable energy policies are critical to mitigating dependence on Russian gas supplies. Indonesia, as one of the main gas producers, has shown commitment to exploring potential unconventional gas reserves, such as coal methane gas (CBM). These projects are expected to increase domestic gas production and reduce dependence on imports. Another visible trend is increasing investment in gas infrastructure, including LNG terminals and shipping pipelines. Countries such as Qatar and Russia are investing heavily in increasing their export capacity to meet growing global demand. Qatar, long a leader in the LNG market, projects increased production through the North Field East project. In the environmental aspect, increasing pressure from carbon emission regulations and replacement of fossil energy has become a catalyst for increased use of gas in electricity generation. Gas is seen as a cleaner alternative to coal, and many countries are starting to make the switch to meet emissions reduction targets. The transportation sector is also seeing changes, with the use of compressed natural gas (CNG) in vehicles becoming more common. Emission reduction initiatives in major cities are encouraging many governments to invest in CNG infrastructure. On the other hand, challenges also arise from gas storage and transportation technology. The increase in demand for LNG has triggered the development of more efficient technology for transportation, thereby increasing regional price competitiveness. One initiative is increasing the capabilities of the Floating Storage and Regasification Unit (FSRU) infrastructure which provides greater flexibility in gas distribution. Competition between gas and renewable energy is also getting tighter. Energy companies are trying to find a balance between investments in gas and the transition to renewable energy, such as wind and solar. Energy storage has become a major focus to address the issue of electricity supply uncertainty, making gas remain an important part of the energy mix. Visualization of gas market data is also increasingly important for deeper analysis. Modern analytical tools and the use of machine learning algorithms enable market players to make better predictions regarding demand and prices. Climate change is also encouraging various countries to explore the use of gas to neutralize carbon emissions. International discussions regarding climate agreements play an important role, where gas is considered a transition fuel that helps move towards a more sustainable energy phase. Research and development in the gas industry includes innovations to reduce methane emissions during production and transportation. A new focus on energy efficiency and waste reduction is becoming a priority on energy companies’ agendas. At the same time, end consumers are increasingly concerned about the choice of energy sources they use. Transparency in the gas supply chain is an added value, with customers preferring to choose providers that meet sustainability criteria. The trend known as the “energy trilemma” – encompassing availability, sustainability and accessibility – continues to guide gas policy development around the world. The debate regarding reducing dependence on fossil energy, while maintaining economic stability, will continue in the international sphere. Advances in monitoring and analytical technology allow companies to optimize their operations, which can potentially increase profit margins. Investments in cost-cutting technologies are increasingly common as operational efficiencies are needed in an increasingly competitive gas industry.
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